Our Y/CS25 provides reliable markers for tight genealogical connections, plus guaranteed placement of your Y chromosome (Y/CS) on the 'tree' of mankind.

Because man originated in Africa, the genetic diversity in Africa is much greater than in Asia or Europe, which were first settled only 30,000 years ago.

Men pass their Y chromosome on to all of their sons from generation to generation. Historically speaking, all men descended from a single man who lived 60-70,000 years ago in Africa, and everyone in the world descends from that one man. However, as man evolved since our "Genetic Adam", small changes (aka mutations) have taken place which separate all males into 18 highly-defined branches, called Haplogroups.

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Female inheritable mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) passes from the mother to all of her children, and from her daughters to their children, and so on in an unending genetic chain.

Therefore you and your mother's sister's child have identical mtDNA.  A human mitochondrial 'tree' built upon small changes over great periods of time (aka mutations) contains two dozen distinct branches.  We test both: we sequence a region of the mtDNA that is 1116 base pairs long and in addition test you for 22 mutations that define the branches in the mitochondrial tree.  The combination of these results provide geographical matches when compared against our African database. 

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